Analyzing Soil Quality Effects on Growth and Yield of Major Horticultural Crops in Sustainable Agriculture Systems

Abstract

Soil quality is one of the determining factors for the success of horticultural commodity cultivation. The nutrient content, pH of the soil, texture, structure, and activity of soil microorganisms play an important role in supporting vegetative and generative growth of plants. This study aims to analyze the influence of soil quality on the growth and yield of several horticultural commodities, such as chili, tomatoes, and shallots. The research method uses a literature study approach by reviewing national and international journals in the last ten years. The results of the analysis showed that good soil quality, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter content, contributed significantly to the increase in plant biomass, flower count, fruit formation, and final harvest weight. Soils with crumb structure and optimal water-holding capacity have been shown to increase horticultural productivity by up to 20–40%. The study also found that soil quality degradation due to erosion, over-fertilization, and depletion of organic matter led to a consistent decline in crop yields. Thus, improving soil quality through integrated management is a strategic step in supporting sustainable horticultural agriculture.